Museum of Money, Bogota

There are several institutions throughout the world which are part of the historical numismatic memory  –  without which we could not enjoy the collections nor any interest in investing in those precious coins which safeguard our heritage in the way that gold coins do. Today therefore we will touch upon the history of Colombia’s Mint Museum.

For those passionate about numismatics travelling to Colombia and in particular to Bogota, there is one place not to be missed: the Mint Museum, located in the working-class district of La Candelaria.

Latin American countries have always had a very strong link to the history of gold – therefore we shall dedicate some space to them, sharing their history and an analysis of their coins, those which are most representative and much valued and appreciated by their inhabitants.

King Felipe III of Spain ordered the foundation of this emblematic Mint Museum in Santa Fé de Bogota and entrusted the works to the engineer Alonso Turrillo de Yebra.

First coins struck (BANREP)

The striking of coins began in 1621 in one of the very first buildings constructed in Bogota. The history of this Mint Museum is very important since it is the place where the first gold coins of the Americas were manufactured, the “macuquinas”, which were named ‘doubloons or mintings’.

Some were struck in Cartagena and others in Santa Fé de Bogota. It was only a decade or so later that the striking of gold coins was authorized in the Mint Museums of Mexico and Peru.

Its infrastructure improved gradually, going from a small, simple blacksmith’s workshop located on only one level at the current Museum, endowed with a beautiful Andalusian-style architecture with a touch of provincial colonial period features.

Santa Fé de Bogota was the capital of the Spanish Vice-royalty of New-Grenada, home to the viceroys, the judges of the Royal Court, the Clergy, the Captains of the Tercios of Spain and of course to Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada, its founder.

The amount of work becoming increasingly important in terms of volume, the directors of the museum found themselves under increasing pressure over time to reform it in order to meet requirements. Half a century after its inauguration, it was Felipe VI himself who ordered its expansion – in the beginning, the striking was highly traditional, but following the implementation of various changes, machines started to be used.

Their treasures were much coveted during the riots which took place in the Colombian capital, but they fortunately survived all attacks – including natural ones, notably during earthquakes.

Nowadays, we can enjoy the same museum as that of several centuries ago, which was re-inaugurated by Viceroy Solis in 1756.

Bogata’s Mint Museum is recognized as a National Monument, a title which was granted in 1975 following the decree of 1584, currently dependent upon the Bank of the Republic of Colombia.

Within, one can follow all the most important events of the country’s history, the history of the museum and all the coins and notes manufactured throughout these centuries.

Is there a necessary connection between gold coins and politics? The short answer is: yes. Undoubtedly over the course of the last century, and beginning fairly early on, gold became, and still remains, a highly controversial political subject. The most influential economist of the century, John Maynard Keynes disparaged not just the gold standard but the metal itself: he thought wealth creation a sort of secular sin, and considered those who saved to be selfish. In 1933, President Roosevelt banned the private ownership of gold, and passed measures to confiscate privately held gold – something that may be about to occur in places as widely diverse as the European Union, Turkey and Vietnam, with a suspicion that the same is afoot in China.

Not surprisingly, these animosities towards gold have gone in tandem with the creation and expansion of the Welfare State, the political entity that is utterly bankrupt and is the prime cause of the financial crisis.

So, yes indeed gold, whether in the form of collectable coins or other types of investment, is very political indeed, but not just because it is seen as a store of selfish wealth, or, as its enemies derisorily call it, “hoarding”.

Ray Vicker in The Realms of Gold (published by Robert Hale, London, 1975) makes this very important point:

“The deeper one gets into monetary matters, the more one realizes that the whole argument about gold’s monetary role, or its inability to perform it, involves fundamental emotional attitudes toward man and his environment.

“Not only technical monetary systems are at odds when the chrysophilites and the chrysophobes argue money. This is cash versus credit. Sound versus easy money. A balanced federal budget versus deficit spending. Rugged free enterprise versus government economic management. A black-and-gray world versus utopia. The belief in sinful man meeting the conviction that man is essentially good. The idea that progress only comes through individual gain clashing with the contention that communal efforts spell forward movement.”

Gold, therefore, is not only a measure of prudence, it is also the summation of the political arguments of the last century – and even a repository of some of the profoundest truths of human existence.

Those who invest in gold are, in the long run, realists, as the following account by Vicker of what happened in the 1960s and 70s makes clear:

“When sense and nonsense are being evaluated the chrysophobes must explain how come they erred so much in the 1960s when they were denigrating gold and claiming that it was on the way out. It was in the 1960s and early 1970s that the great monetary battles involving gold were fought, with few people in the United States realizing what was happening even after the dollar experienced two devaluations. Briefly, the dollar, which had been ‘as good as gold’ for so long, no longer was as good as a thirty-fifth of an ounce of gold. And many people were discovering this fact.

“These people were termed ‘speculators’ through the monetary cyclones which erupted. Actually, they were ordinary businessmen, bankers and others who had sense enough to protect their assets. In politics, whenever anyone disrupts a pet project of the party in power, it is customary to tack some derogatory term onto the disrupters. The word ‘speculator’ has enough of an unsavoury connotation that it appealed to those in government who saw themselves as ‘defenders of the dollar’, though they couldn’t see the easiest method of preserving the whole system – a doubling of the monetary price of gold.”

Therefore, however unlikely it may seem on the surface that a numismatic website should feature regular political commentary, the central role that gold plays in human affairs means that its political and economic aspects need constant analysis.

Amadeo I of Savoy

Son of the Italian king Victor Emmanuel II, Amadeo I was proclaimed King of Spain on the 2nd of January, 1871. Hitherto, the influence exerted by the Spanish government sought to found a constitutional monarchy – hence they selected a foreign king and put in place a system of mandates, namely: the people for the king, through Parliament.
Amadeo I was the first king of Spain to be selected by Parliament. He was not recognised by certain parliamentarians, including; Carlists, Bourbons, the church and by the people; who judged him as being unpleasant and reticent towards learning the Spanish language.
Upon the death of General Prim, the political alliance which had placed Amadeo I on the throne began to dissolve little by little. The pressures brought by the federalist revolts, the loss of support from capitalists and the Carlists war pushed the Italian monarch to renounce the throne on the 11th of February, 1873.
From his 2 years of rule, hallmarks bearing his effigy were designed for the 5 Peseta coins as well as the 25 and 100 Peseta gold coins – some were struck as trials.
In 1868, a new parameter was integrated into the Spanish monetary system. Unique to the world, two dates were to be inscribed on the coins: the approval date of the coin type and when it was struck. Nevertheless, this initiative was not correctly followed between 1871 and 1875, partly covering the rule of Amadeo I. According to information collected in el Catálogo de la Peseta, it appears that the number of coins issued with the year (between the stars) 18-71 are more common than those of 18-73, those of 18-74 appear in only 20% of cases while those of 18-75 appear in only 10% of cases, approximately.
It was only during the 1st republic, i.e. not before the end of the year 1873 that the process of the two dates began to function better, inscribing the correct date between the stars of the coins.
But this accuracy of dating came at a time when the currency did not reflect reality since Amadeo I renounced the throne in February 1873. The republic followed and thereafter, in 1875, came the rule of Alfonso XII, although the currency with Amadeo I’s effigy continued to be struck until mid-1875.

Marks of guarantee of the Amadeo I coins

Five people were charged with assuming the guarantee of these coins. On the obverse side are affixed the first name and surname initials of the engraver – on the reverse, the surname initials of the two Testers and Beam Balancers:

Engraver: L.M.: Luis Marchionni

Testers and Beam Balancers:

SD M: Donato Álvarez Santullano, Eduardo Díaz Pimienta y Ángel Mendoza Ordóñez.

DE M: Eduardo Díaz Pimienta, Julio de Escosura Tablares y Ángel Mendoza Ordoñez.

25 Peseta gold coin

Amadeo I 25 Peseta coin

Characteristics:

Fineness: 900 Thousandths.

Diameter: 24mm.

Weight: 8.0645g.

Workshop: Madrid.

Edge of the first coins: Relief engraving of 27 six-ray stars, using the hoop system open to three points.

Edge of the coins struck later out of reddish gold: JUSTICIA Y LIBERTAD (JUSTICE AND FREEDOM) separated by three groups of two six-ray stars.

Obverse: AMADEO I REY DE ESPAÑA *1871* (AMADEO I KING Of SPAIN *1871*) - portrait of the king facing right.

Reverse: Ley 900 Milésimas (Title 900 thousandths) – 124 piezas in Kilog. (124 coins in Kilog.) SD 25 PESETAS M, around the Spanish armouries carrying the coat of arms of Savoy, surrounded by the coat and fleece.

Number of strikes: 1871 (75) SD M = 25

<The first strikes were made with an alloy containing 10% silver and conferred a bright yellow tone to the gold of these coins, which differentiates them from the other coins struck later, these latter ones displaying a more reddish tone of gold.

These coins, as well as the 100 Peseta coins of the same year were the first gold coins displaying a face value in Pesetas, emanating from the Reform of October 19^th 1868. Struck under the Order of the General Directorate of the Treasury of August 22^nd 1871, “as tests, and it is impossible to specify the quantity of coins manufactured in 71”>

(Information extracted from the Catálogo de la Peseta by J.Aledón & Modern World Gold Coins).

In general, the 25 Peseta coins began to be struck under the Royal Decree of March 15^th 1871. Previously, the reform of the Peseta did not integrate in the values struck out of gold the 25 Peseta coins, omitting the 8 gram model so well-known in Spain, Germany, Holland, etc…

Of these coins, only some were struck as tests. It is under the reign of Alfonso XII that they started to be manufactured in series.

100 Peseta gold coin

Amadeo I 100 Peseta coin

Characteristics:

Fineness: 900 Thousandths

Diameter: 35mm.

Weight: 32.25g.

Workshop: Madrid.

Edge: Relief engraving using the hoop system open to three points with the words JUSTICIA Y LIBERTAD (JUSTICE AND FREEDOM), separated by three groups of two six-ray stars.

Obverse: AMADEO I REY DE ESPAÑA *1871* (AMADEO I KING OF SPAIN *1871*) – portrait of the king facing right.

Reverse: Ley 900 Milésimas (Title 900 thousandths) – 31 piezas in Kilog. (31 coins in kilog.) SD 100 PESETAS M, around the Spanish armouries bearing the coat of arms of Savoy, surrounded by the coat and fleece.

Number of strikes in Yellow gold: 1871 (71) = 25

Number of strikes in Red gold: 1871 (71) = 50

> An auction was held in Madrid on March 16^th 1995, selling one of these coins at the starting price of 15 million pesetas (€ 90,151.82)

(Information extracted from Catálogo de la Peseta by J.Aledón & Modern World Gold Coins)

Re-striking of these coins

Unable to gain possession of the original specimens of the said coins, King Alfonso XIII commissioned the re-striking of specific ones in order to honour certain obligations. Thereafter, it was discovered that these coins appeared in 1963 coming from Switzerland.

The Decree of March 21^st 1871, which enacted the creation of the 25 Peseta gold coin, stipulated that it would contain any caption on the edge, and if possible that the smooth part of the corners would contain differences to distinguish these coins from those emanating from other countries.

But the coins re-struck out of reddish gold display on their edge: Justicia y Libertad (Justice and Freedom), separated by three groups of two six-ray stars, similar to the engraving on the edge of the 100 Peseta coins.

Thus, these two coins of reddish gold were a re-striking produced in an unofficial way with the original coins, and to purely profit-driven ends.

As these are very unusual and rare coins, to possess or decide to purchase some is a true luxury – a great treasure!

Numismatic Gold coins

The profession of numismatists has changed in the past 30 years. Lovers of beautiful and rare gold coins have been gradually replaced by amateur investors.

Pierre-Yves Lathoumetie in “Avers et revers de la numismatique (1973)” makes a distinction between the humanist collector and the speculator.
The former may make some honest investments guided by his passion for rare or unusual Gold, silver or bronze coins. The latter, instead, will fail unless he is able to appreciate the true historical value of the coins.

Why consult a numismatist?

Both need to consult an expert: the numismatist, who will be able to advice them on price and history of a Gold, silver or bronze coin. Consultation with a numismatist and trust in him does not prevent the collector or speculator from comparing prices or obtaining information from other sources.

Roughly speaking, this is basically what awaits those who want to get involved in the numismatic world. Experts and novices run the risk of finding themselves lost in a market that has changed considerably in 30 years and which is subject to fluctuations and uncertainties.

A market without rules

It is important to know that there are no rules governing the rare coin market. The price on a piece may differ greatly within the same category, from one country to another, depending on demand. There is no fixed price. Two identical coins may have two different prices with the same exhibitor. What this tells us is that the market of extremely rare pieces has no uniformity, in contrast to the market of gold bars or investment coins which is structured and organized. These changes, obviously, have an impact on the profession of numismatist.

Numismatic influences of the Art market

After 30 years, we are witnessing a type of negotiation between vendors and purchasers where any price is possible, within the higher band. We are also witnessing an extremely sensitive market where the most insignificant event may shoot up the price of some particular coin: public sale, archaeological discovery.

From collector, the numismatist has become speculator, ignoring in most cases the past of the coins, the art and archaeology.

Varied consequences

-Perfect coins are being sought after due to their premium, and because those that are damaged or deteriorated lose their charm. There have been cases when extremely rare pieces have been sold for very little money and others less unusual have been sold at gold price because they are intact.

-Investors grab Gold coins which are easily recognizable (newer pieces from the 19th and 20th centuries) the prices of which increase rapidly, in detriment of rarer pieces which are not so popular among the public.

- The price of a coin may differ from one country to another as the demand is not the same (usually national pieces are more valued in their own country).

To summarize, the rare coins market has nothing in common with the common coins market reserved for investment. But as is the case with works of art and fine wines, the truly rare coins are the ones that in the long term are a good investment, because a rare piece has a “long life” and never depreciates. Its value is based on its rarity and not the gold price.

Didier L. bought gold coins, quite simply when the opportunity presented itself, at the beginning of 2011. The ongoing talk of the crisis, the instability of stock markets and gold as a safe haven helped him to decide to take the initiative by investing part of his assets in physical gold, in the form of gold coins. “I just simply asked one question about gold on the internet which led me to the blog articles on Goldcoin.org and then subsequently to the websites AuCOFFRE.com and LinGOLD.com . One thing lead to another and I found myself on a platform for selling and buying gold coins with which I was able to invest my available funds”.

The profile of the investor fell more within a long term investment.”Basically, I thought about hoarding money by buying full and half-size Napoleon gold coins, with the intention of reselling my gold coins at a good profit, before selling at a fixed date, so as to not pay capital gains tax” (which is 31% in France – editor’s note)

Weary, stock market shares in which he had invested part of his capital have seen a high depreciation this summer. The shares in his portfolio have all dropped. Fortunately, by selling his gold coins, our saver was able to quickly withdraw the cash he needed to compensate for this depreciation.

His gold coins were sold like hot cakes

Gold thus fulfilled its role as hedge and Didier L. was even able obtain a substantial profit by selling his gold coins. In the end, even if he did not lose money, his one small regret is that he knows that he could have made more if he had not been forced to sell his coins earlier than intended.

He was able to sell his gold coins at the quotation price which meant they went very quickly and the money immediately found itself in his current account. “I was surprised by the speed and the ease of execution of the process. It would never have been the case with a traditional bank, this speed favours trade and cash flow, it is therefore interesting. And it would have been just as quick with much bigger amounts.”

It is the right time to buy!

The worst, he says, is that the balance of the CAC 40 companies (in which he had some shares) is currently excellent but markets that are nervous, over-cautious, fearing the sovereign crisis in the euro zone tend to undermine companies that are doing well and which are more than viable by creating harmful doubt in their price. “But the shares that are currently at their lowest can only go up”.

In spite of the heavy loss that he has suffered to his share portfolio, our investor advises those who have the cash to buy shares in the CAC 40 and in companies whose economic growth prospects are certain, such as ErDF (a utility company) and those in the sector of sustainable development. Cautious but strengthened by experience and conscious of the progression which the price of gold will continue to achieve, he tells us in confidence “now or never is the time to buy gold to secure one’s savings!”. “Saving with gold can be as much about liquidity if you need to sell and cover hedges elsewhere as well as buying at the right time to protect your wealth”.

Where should one go to buy one’s gold coins with confidence?

“The purchasing of gold coins is not a trivial matter, but contact with the consultants of AuCOFFRE.com or LinGOLD.com , (the web based established platforms where I bought my gold coins), are excellent. I never have to wait for advice and the people I deal with are obliging, available, friendly and reassuring”.

Moreover the coins are certified, sorted, sold with a bar code and each specimen is unique. It applies to semi-collectible coins (like the 5F Napoleon) and “investment quality” coins.

“Not only is the commission on purchases or sales charged by AuCOFFRE.com or LinGOLD.com tiny (1%), but furthermore  the coins have already been appraised and verified which represents time and money saved. This gives one confidence and that  is something priceless”.

Obverse of the VERA VALOR, 1 ounce of pure gold from "clean extraction" in the form of a "bar-coin", produced by and available from AuCOFFRE.com and LinGOLD.com

LinGold.com and AuCOFFRE.com will unveil their innovative new gold coin, the VERA VAOR, during a private function for their Members on December 3rd 2011. The general release is scheduled for December 5th when everyone will have a chance to see the first ever bullion 1 ounce “bar-coin” made from pure gold of “clean extraction”.
Minted in Switzerland, the Vera Valor has characteristics comparable to that of a Chinese 1 ounce Panda (purity 999.9, 32mm diameter, 31.10 grams and 2.7mm thickness) but it has its own unique and innovative features.
Firstly it is a true universal coin and has no affiliation or allegiance to a country, religion, culture and especially not to any financial institution.
This is reinforced by the choice of 5 languages for the word ounce, notably in Chinese and Arabic.
Also it will use the best of safeguards found on bullion bars and be one of the few (if there are any others?) to propose an individual unique reference number along with the hallmark of the world renowned assayer and mint Valcambi, thus guaranteeing the integrity of this unique product.
The “icing on the cake” for the lucky Members who are able to order these coins is that they will be able to personalise/customise their coins by adding three letters (initials etc.) before the serial number (eg. CUP3418).

The first series will be the 2012 edition of 1000 pieces which will be numbered from 000 to 999.
For the moment that’s as much as we know but the guys at LinGold and AuCOFFRE tell us that since its launch 2 days ago they’ve already had preorders in excess of 350 pieces. All this from an image of the Obverse only – the Reverse is a closely guarded commercial secret which will be revealed in early December (we have it on good authority that it is a world’s first and unimaginably innovative).
Sounds like a great welcome awaited this product which suggests it has a bright future ahead.

The idea behind this coin was to promote a universal coin, and to provide an alternative “clean extraction” 1 ounce gold product to the Krugerrand, Nugget, Eagle, Panda, Philmarmonica etc.
It’s price will always be close to these types of products and will reflect it’s pure gold content , universal nature and totally new and unique design.

The Vera Valor is exclusively available as a pre-order via LinGOLD.com and AuCOFFRE.com – the coins will be in Members accounts during the period 5th – 9th Dec 2011.
If you wish to know more please click the link to contact LinGOLD.com directly.

This Swiss precious metals refiner is based in Balerna not far from the Italian border. This company is one of the leading four Swiss – and world – refiners of gold. Valcambi are also the first private organisation to offer “green gold” by industrial production which is traced at every step from the mine through to the finished refined goods.
Independent auditors monitor the integrity of the supplies and process ensuring that the “green gold” is always kept separate from other supplies. This includes the cleaning down of containers and production lines as well as having dedicated facilities for “green gold” only.

During the visit we accompanied the Management team of AuCOFFRE.com & LinGOLD.com who were there to validate their newfound status among the exclusive list of Valcambi clients. Their market-leading company in France is now the only one to offer Valcambi supplies in France.

We asked Paul McGowan, the Managing Director of AuCOFFRE.com, what was the interest in negotiating directly with a refiner of precious metals?

“The answer is obvious; reduce the middle-men and to be able to offer totally innovative, ethical “green gold” products which enable us to have total traceability on the products we offer. Valcambi were also an ideal partner for us to launch our own innovative product, the Vera Valor, which is a 1 once pure gold 999.9 “round bar” and a coin made only with gold of clean extraction provided by Valcambi “green gold”. We know that there is only the one intermediary, Valcambi the refiner, between us and the Newmont gold mine in Nevada which has a dedicated system of clean extraction. With respect to the Vera Valor it was important that we had complete control over the production chain in the sense that every stage is carefully monitored by independent auditors to ensure the integrity of our product – from extraction to the sale, from producing blanks to minting them.

In the context of fake gold bars and coins, this partnership allows us to have a total guarantee over the product which we can offer to our Members and one we can produce on an industrial scale.

Valcambi are the only refiners who can offer and guarantee the complete separation of “clean extraction” gold from the rest of production which is fundamental to the conditions of our “clean extraction” charter. There can be no contamination of the two sources if we are to guarantee the quality to our Members”.

Valcambi is currently celebrating 50 years in business. Their celebration includes a beautiful book of illustrative photographs which they have kindly allowed us to use below. They show Valcambi workers during various stages of the refining process. Hopefully more to follow …..

A decision that Greece will regret

Without a doubt this line of action will never save the Greek economy or start to rebuild some confidence for a decent future. Greece will stay in Debt for generations. The Greek people will never accept this and their strong protests are understandable. Headlines talk of a possible Greek default – Why? Greece has been bankrupt for over a year, since it first asked for a “bailout”.

The only route to recovery is to restructure the debts or simply declare the country bankrupt. This would be the best solution for the Greeks but of course they’re in a weak position and all recent decisions, including the political waffle and rhetoric, have been taken to secure the European banks that are hugely exposed to the Greek debt. Be under no illusion that the only reason for this action is to appease the power brokers that support the European Governments. The politicians including the Greek government don’t care one iota for the regular people of Greece and why would they because they are all sufficiently immune to the deepening crisis because their deep pockets are lined with personal wealth that removes them from harm’s way and any sense of reality or empathy with those suffering the effects.

The people’s retribution

The one way Greek people have of preserving and protecting their personal wealth is to opt out of the normal system and there is evidence that they have started to empty their bank accounts (maybe à la Cantona – see Eric Cantona’s French Revolution).
Firstly they are taking retribution on the Banks by weakening them and also showing their distrust for reckless, uncaring institutions.
Secondly they are storing their wealth in something tangible and much more reliable than invented currency which could devalue or collapse anytime – they are buying gold coins as they did during the Second World War because they know that this will maintain real value and purchasing power through the difficulties ahead.
Here is some evidence provided recently in the Financial Times by Kerin Hope

ATHENS — Greek citizens are emptying savings accounts and buying gold as they brace themselves for the possibility of a sovereign default and a run on the banks.

Pledges by socialist Prime Minister George Papandreou that his government would “save the country” have been widely discounted by the public. However, parliament gave him a vote of confidence late on Tuesday night. The socialists have a six-seat majority in the 300-member house.

Sales of gold coins have soared as savers seek a safer and fungible source of value.

“When the global financial crisis started, our sales of coins to investors overtook bullion for the first time,” said Harry Krinakis, at Sepheriades, a Greek precious metals trader. “Now the sales ratio has reached five to one.”

Tomas, a computer technician, has exchanged his euro savings for gold coins: “I keep them at home just like my grandmother did in the Second World War.”
Monthly bank withdrawals were running at E1.5 billion-E2 billion in the first quarter. Last year, depositors withdrew E30 billion, equivalent to 12.3 per cent of total savings, according to the central bank. Greek deposits worth an estimated E8 billion were transferred to banks in Cyprus in 2010. But the flow has dried up this year amid fears that Cypriot banks could suffer contagion.

Andreas, a supermarket manager, transferred the family savings to Munich earlier this year. “The Swiss banks aren’t interested unless you’ve got several hundred thousand euros,” he said.

“We can’t trust the politicians to get us out of this mess [and] have to protect our families,” said Sakis, a garage owner, at an anti-austerity protest in Athens’ Syntagma Square. “A bank collapse has got to be in the cards.” He added he had withdrawn his savings and placed them in a bank safe deposit box “for security. Who cares about interest right now?”

Others put their savings into land when prices fell after Greece’s first European Union-led rescue last year. Angelos, a software specialist, bought a neighbour’s olive grove. “I grabbed the opportunity,” he said.
“A year ago I wouldn’t have considered making such an old-fashioned investment.”

It is no accident that other European countries, particularly Germany and France, have experienced dramatically increased investment in gold coins during the last three months. In France investors own more gold than the Bank of France and transactions in coins have increased by 35% (source AuCoffre.com) since January. These countries have aan historical reference to gold coin investments and their benefits so it is no surprise to witness such an increase during periods of crisis. In fact one can determine the “temperature” of concern from this rising activity and people are seriously concerned about an impending crash on the horizon that will have global significance.

Countries like the UK are rather slow on the uptake and the gold investment market tends to be reserved for the extremely well-off and well-connected. What a shame so many people are misled by false information to detract them from participating or they are just ignorant of the facts.

Anyway their loss is someone else’s gain and come the day they will be left holding bits of paper good for burning while their European neighbours use their gold coins to pay for provisions and ultimately survival!

Remember that the signs of crisis were ignored by myopian political rhetoric pre-2008 leaving millions of ordinary folk open to its consequences. The signs of crisis have been with us ever since and still they pretend all will be well and their policies are “working”.

2008 was just the prelude and the worst is yet to arrive.
Be warned and be prepared or once again you will be hung out to dry!

An investment in gold is a survival kit for your future.

So what sparked this crisis?

President Lukashenko had promised to raise public sector wages by a third during his election campaign, which he duly carried out. This was sustainable only because of the support Belarus received from Moscow in terms of loans. However, as fears grew about the country’s finances, support from Russia waned and even near neighbours from the EU didn’t fancy the risk thus sparking a sharp drop in confidence in the currency.
To exacerbate the problem there was a shortage of foreign exchange currencies, dollars or euros, in the country.

The consequences of a collapse

Shelves quickly emptied of food and any "tangible asset" that would hold value better than their currency

Wide spread panic broke out as the economy effectively became paralyzed and people suddenly realised their currency was of diminishing worth. Shops were quickly emptied of everything that could be bought. Everyday food was snapped up at “luxury” style prices as people thought of survival but also they also bought electric goods like toasters, microwaves, canned goods and virtually anything that was for sale as they rushed to convert their currency into “any tangible assets” that were not losing value as quickly as their roubles.
The empty shelves throughout the towns seemed eerily reminiscent of the Soviet controlled days.
Shoppers knew that anything they could purchase could be more useful as a form of barter than the diminishing currency in their purses and wallets.

The human cost was quickly evident from the stories of employees sent on unpaid leave as companies also struggled to cope and comprehend the impact. Andrei, a computer company employee explained how he queued for a week in Minsk trying to buy dollars but didn’t even get one. “In just one month, I have been made bankrupt, the entire country is bankrupt” he said, adding that “even during the Soviet collapse we never suffered such a nightmare”.

There are many more stories of hardship, families without food or the means to buy any, shops without stock for them to buy even if they had the means.

Dmitry who is a 48 year old factory worker explained how he closed his bank account to get out 5 Million roubles in cash so he “could buy something before my money turns to dust”.

Tensions are growing as many people blame the President for mismanaging the economy.
Staple food supplies are now hoarded but people feel anxious that unrest is starting that could spill over into conflict at any time.
Revolution is always more likely when the population are starving.

Which country is next?

This may all seem so far away from wherever you are reading this but the causes of currency collapse may be closer to your doorstep than you think.

How many countries are in deep debt and reliant on support loans and bailouts right now?
Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Japan, USA, Belarus and virtually all of Eastern Europe and the Euro zone (only they never put it in the headlines!)

What happens when the support cannot be maintained?
Currency Collapse.

It could be the US Dollar, the Euro, the Yen who knows?
But even if it isn’t your currency that collapses what will be the knock on effects in every developed country if one of these currencies collapses?
The same as in Belarus.

Globalisation has been the buzz word for expanding Capitalism but it also means that economies are now inextricably linked and inter-twined to such an extent that when one sneezes they all catch a cold!

Remember the level of Sovereign Debt is spiralling out of control in the US, Greece, Ireland, Portugal and others are close behind such as Spain and the UK. Austerity measures in all countries are hurting normal folk badly – they are losing their jobs, suffering pay freezes, inflation and pension erosion. Social unrest and industrial action looms large across Europe and this will itself impact the recovery and debt repayment. This has already started in Greece, Portugal, Ireland and large scale protests in the UK are gathering momentum with the Autumn likely to be the boiling point of anger.

The discontent and despair of regular folk is understandable as they are bearing the brunt of all the hardship and it just isn’t fair.
Politicians spout their practiced rhetoric about how to fix things but the reality is they just don’t care that much as they are not the ones affected. They have means to isolate them from the hardships and many of them are actually responsible for producing the mess. How can they care about regular people or preach what we need to give up when they don’t – ever met a poor politician? Enough said!

There is now even talk of a “sub-prime” type problem in China because of over-indulgence in property speculation, leaving huge swathes of developments empty or under-occupied and therefore leaking money and ready to default.

We need more than lip service!

Mainstream news outlets are all controlled by self-interest groups (private and Governments) and they never provide the whole story about global economic frailty as there would be worldwide panic if they told the truth. The situation right now is on a knife edge and the next Belarus is not far away. Politicians won’t admit it but then again they won’t suffer like the rest of us as they’re all rich enough and well connected to see out any storm. They care too much for their own popularity to be honest.
Posh boys and rich kids rule the world and their assets are well protected in advance.

Remember what happened when panic struck in Belarus, people bought any tangible asset they could because it would maintain value better than their currency.
This phenomenon is happening daily – your bank account is the best place to keep currency if you want it to devalue!

Currency is not a means of preserving wealth because it has no inherent value especially when confidence is lost – then it is just a piece of paper.

The only real money available is a tangible asset that maintains its value whatever happens to printed bits of paper currency – and that is gold!

A lesson on Money and currency

We need to understand the difference between money and currency as one is real and the other a promise. Money can be defined as a medium of exchange and a store of value and until fairly recent times was in fact coins made out of precious metal with an intrinsic value or for ease of use, notes backed by precious metal.
Money, when considered as the fruit of many years’ industry, as the reward of labor, sweat and toil, as the widow’s dowry and children’s portion, and as the means of procuring the necessaries and alleviating the afflictions of life, and making old age a scene of rest, has something in it sacred that is not to be sported with, or trusted to the airy bubble of paper currency. Thomas Paine (1737 – 1809)
Currency is still a medium of exchange but is not a store of value as it only derives its value by government degree or “fiat”. It’s value is based on the issuing the authority’s guarantee to pay the stated (face) amount on demand, and not on any intrinsic worth or extrinsic backing. All national currencies in circulation, issued and managed by the respective central banks, are fiat currencies.

A days wages in Germany 1923

The problem is that fiat currency runs the risk of central bankers printing too much and causing large inflation or worse. The more that is printed the more the currency is debased just as the Fed is doing now with the dollar. This has been going on for decades with central banks indiscriminately creating money to cover expenditure and ever increasing debt. There are examples throughout history and in the 20th Century most of us are aware that in Germany in 1923 it would take a barrow load of Deutschmarks to buy a loaf of bread but an ounce of gold could buy a reasonable house and one dollar was worth 4 trillion marks.

This irresponsible printing of money has eaten away at the value of the world’s reserve currency the USD dollar and dollar based assets, to such an extent that they have lost 82% of value since 1971, the year the US cut links with the gold standard. The GBP has fared even worse that the USD losing around 85% of value since 1971. There are many illustrations of then and now and how owning gold with intrinsic value would have more purchasing pro rata than currency. E.g the latest model Cadillac Eldorado would have taken 180 ounces of gold at $42.02 to pay the showroom price of $7,546. This same 180 ounces is now worth over $200k and would buy two Cadillac convertibles with enough left over to fuel to first service. In the UK an average family car cost £1000 around 60 oz of gold and now the same would cost £17000 around 23 oz of gold. The 60 ounces would have bought the same family car for you a sports car for your wife and a hatchback for your son or daughter. Gold retains its purchasing power year after year.

Not long ago the gold standard imposed monetary discipline on countries as they had to hold enough gold to cover the money in circulation but this all changed with the Jamaica agreement in 1971 when the decision was taken by President Nixon on the 15th August 1971 to suspend the direct convertibility of dollars into gold, the keystone of the financial system created in July 1944 (the Bretton Woods Agreement). On the 1st October 1971 the general assembly of the IMF asked the board of trustees to study and propose a comprehensive reform. This would be adopted by member States during a meeting held in Kingston (Jamaica) on the 7th and 8th January 1976, and included a set of provisions which put an end to the reign of gold. The US money supply in 1971 was $776 billion and quickly became an upward curve which rose dramatically over the last decade where the US money supply doubled from below $7 trillion to $14.3 trillion indicating that spending is out of control.

The US National debt is now greater than this!

The US though still likes to play the rich kid on the block and bizarrely gives aid to those supporting its debt as a report in the Daily Mail of London illustrates:
The U.S. is providing hundreds of millions of dollars of foreign aid to some of the world’s richest countries – while at the same time borrowing billions back, according to report seen by Congress.

The Congressional Research Service released the report last month which shows that in 2010 the U.S. handed out a total of $1.4bn to 16 foreign countries that held at least $10bn in Treasury securities.

Four countries in the world’s top 10 richest received foreign aid last year with China receiving $27.2m, India $126.6m, Brazil $25m, and Russia $71.5m. Mexico also received $316.7m and Egypt $255.7m.

And yet despite the massive outgoings in foreign aid, the receiving countries hold trillions of dollars in U.S. Treasury bonds.

China is the largest holder with $1.1trillion as of March, according to the Treasury Department.

Brazil held $193.5bn, Russia $127.8bn, India $39.8bn, Mexico $28.1bn and Egypt had $15.3bn.
Maybe it’s just additional interest on the debt to keep them sweet!

Greece figures predominantly in the spotlight and unrest is growing – will the Government have to mortgage the Acropolis and Parthenon or even sell them off to pay their debts?
Clearly they can never work their way out of this debt because they would have to increase GDP by 12% a year for 30 years in order to grow their way out of debt.
The Sovereign Debt crisis is well and truly out of control and the only solution will be to default on the debts and devalue currencies.

As discussed in the example of Belarus, chaos ensues when currencies collapse and regular folk suffer badly as they don’t see it coming or refuse to believe it could happen to them.

Be warned: A currency collapse is coming near you.
Be prepared: don’t put faith in bits of paper which have no inherent value.
Protect yourself: Invest in tangible assets that hold real value at all times, especially during a crisis.
Remember: Real money has inherent value, it is worth something because of what it is not because of what is written on it.
Now you know why people buy gold to protect themselves from crisis – it always holds value and is the only real money.

In summary:
• Currency is not money and its value can be changed by monetary policy makers
• Currency can be created and printed at will with no substance to support it
• Currency depreciation in value is accelerating with subsequent loss of purchasing power
• National debt is increasing to disastrous levels with threat of sovereign debt default
• Confidence in the USD is waning and its use as a reserve currency is under threat
• Countries and investors are shedding their dollar assets
• Central Banks are diversifying into gold and out of dollar assets
• Smart investors are diversifying their portfolios with a proportion of gold
• The value of gold has been consistent in retaining its purchasing power
• Gold is insurance for your wealth
• Gold is the only real money

I rest my case!

Electronic scales help identify used and worn coins. The photo demonstrates a French 20Franc Napoleon Marianne Coq which is perfect according to its weight.

When it comes to gold for investment too many buyers pay little attention to the quality of coins at the time of purchase and all too often they realise the importance of this to their investment when it is too late, at the time of resale. In effect, at the moment you wish to sell your gold investment coins they briefly revert back to a numismatic object that will be evaluated and priced as such.

In other words “it’s a gold coin, a twenty franc Napoleon which I should be able to sell with a 20% premium during a period of crisis” quickly loses meaning if you haven’t taken the time before you bought it to verify the quality.

You see when trying to sell on gold coins to professional dealers they will be intractable about the coin quality. In fact they will know so much more than you that every little imperfection they can describe downgrades the value of your coin to them. They will use this to negotiate the price down by reducing or eliminating the premium you were expecting. Additionally they may only offer to buy your coin by its weight and relative gold content weight, minus their commission and a little extra because you have devalued the coin by “handling” it. Finally you will arrive at a price considerably less than you were expecting and certainly less than you’d worked out using the spot gold price or professional quotes for coins.

You may act surprised but then why would you be knowing that any investment in physical assets of such value requires or even demands that you do your homework on what you are buying and how it is assessed or valued. You would certainly need to consider the eventuality of resale and how that should be best done for the best price and at the profit for you – wouldn’t you?

Well gold is no different and you should familiarise yourself with the important factors to consider when procuring gold coins.

Obviously there are some coins that are so rare they demand an ever increasing price but this is solely based on its numismatic (collectible) value. That is to say an extremely rare coin is not as sensitive to a period of crisis or the ups and downs of the gold price but moreso its value is determined and measured by the availability (or lack of it) of other coins like it. An example we can use is the French 100 Franc Bazor which is highly sought after but very rare. Its price is very high (given its gold content alone) because there are very few left in the world. The price will rise in time for its “collectible” value but it is unlikely to double within 3 weeks which a 20 Franc Napoleon of good quality can because of its premium. Rare coins are also being looked at slightly differently in terms of taxation and whereas investment gold coins are exempt from VAT (Value Added Tax) throughout Europe, these rare coins are no longer automatically exempt.

What is the minimum quality of condition for coins still considered to have a premium?

Generally speaking a quality of “very fine (VF)” upwards, “extremely fine (EF)” and “mint state (MS)”  are considered as coin conditions that still enjoy the benefit of a premium. These are the types of coins you should consider for gold investment. Apart from some rarities, the qualities of condition “fine (F) and “very good (VG)” will be bought and sold for their gold content weight and often finish up in the smelting pot for recycling.

Coins declared as “uncirculated (UNC)” are basically new coins that have never been in circulation or were never meant to be circulated. These will have an elevated basic premium due to them being issued direct from the Mint or in some cases may be very rare. In both cases the elevated premium makes them less attractive as an investment because their premium differential is weak. The premium differential is the % difference between the premium associated with the coin during normal economic conditions and the premium it may rise to during a period of crisis. A high starting premium as with UNC coins means there is less room for growth. Many of these UNC coins will be of interest to pure numismatists ie. Collectible.

A Good Magnifying glass really helps to identify the features and any faults

Things to avoid

Even once you have seen the table below you may not feel sure of what to look out for or feel capable to accurately judge a coins condition. It is exactly for this reason that we advise you to avoid buying coins from small ads, individuals or maybe through bid sites like eBay. It is hard enough to know which coins are in which condition but the photos you see are not necessarily going to help and who knows what a seller really knows about their product if you know even less! The trick is to buy from professional sources where you will find fully certificated, verified and referenced coins that are what they say they are. Coins which are professionally inspected and sealed in their packaging maintain their quality so they will still be as valuable when you come to selling them. If you were to keep your coins in a box , unpackaged, taking them out occasionally to admire them you are effectively damaging your own investment by downgrading their quality through handling. Of course that is the difference with gold coin investment and gold coin collecting. An investment produces maximum yield when its integrity is protected and the physical asset is in no way altered to undermine its value.

Please also note that it is the most worn side that determines the condition quality so be sure to look at both sides of any coin.

Be aware of over-shiny coins: these will have been cleaned using polish, chemicals or abrasion to buff up the look and hide imperfections. It is recommended to use a magnifying instrument to inspect any coin as the naked eye cannot always detect the craftsmanship of the precision engraving. These are a great indicator of condition as wear & tear erodes precious detail of the design. Naturally one should always check for the obvious dents and scratches caused by rough handling or shocks. Do not be swayed – these will affect the value of your coin because they affect its condition quality.

It’s also worth noting that some damage inflicted like scratches and dents may have removed gold from your coin. A simple test for this is to weigh your coin accurately on an electronic balance. A French 20 Franc Napoleon should weigh between 6.44 and 6.46g to be considered as valuable. Anything from 6.43g down should be left alone.

You will find some useful information in our glossary as well as some photos that may help you choose wisely.

Similarly we would suggest you browse through the Gold Coin buying guide from our friends at LinGold.com who have kindly let us provide this for you.

Below is a summary of the basic qualities associated with the gradings of  coin condition and some useful translations for those looking internationally.

Gold Coin Gradings

Brilliant Uncirculated (UNC) or “Fleur de Coin”(FDC) – A perfect coin ( no traces of use, handling, shocks, scratches) which has 100% of its design remaining and still has a full mint sheen. These coins as the name indicates have never been in circulation and are exactly as the moment they were struck. They are indeed rare because even uncirculated coins may have been transported together from the mint to a vault and therefore have tiny abrasions or scratches from the journey. A coin in this condition must be flawless. Their rarity means they are of more interest to Numismatists and their elevated basic premium means they are not considered as a logical investment.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: MS65
• France: Fleur de Coin (FDC)
• Germany : Stempelglanz (STG)
• Italy : Fior di Conio (FDC)
• Spain: Flor de Cuño (FDC)

Uncirculated (UNC) or Mint state (MS) – as implied these coins have never been in circulation and therefore have no visible traces of use, design erosion or scratching. However , they do not have the full mint sheen all over the coin which is usually due to transportation.  Some countries still consider these coins as FDC.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: MS63
• France: Splendide (SPL)
• Germany: Fast Stempelglanz
• Italy -
• Spain – SC

Extremely Fine (EF) – This is a condition of a coin that is almost perfect but which has had a little circulation and therefore will possess some small faults although often difficult to detect with the naked eye. Using a magnifying glass one can see some light scratches and some erosion of certain raised details such as hair, beards, moustaches, feathers that form the design. The mint sheen is missing and there may also be evidence of some little dents from transportation of coins.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: AU 65
• France: SUPERBE (SUP)
• Germany: Vorzüglich (VZ)
• Italy: Splendido (SPL)
• Spain: Extraordinariamente bien conservada (EBC)

Very Fine (VF) – A coin in this condition shows obvious signs that it has been in circulation but it still has a good appearance. The coin rim can be slightly worn but still apparent and the relief features of the design can appear “tired” but not worn away. The signs of use are visible but the coin srtill has an agreeable appearance. This type of condition is considered as an average “plus” state of conservation which still allows the coin to attract a premium to its value.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: XF 40
• France: Très Très Beau (TTB)
• Germany : Sehr Schön (SS)
• Italy Bellissimo (BB)
• Spain : Muy bien conservada (MBC)

Fine (F) - This condition indicates a coin that has been well circulated. Some of the engraving detail has started to flatten (ribbons, hair, inscriptions etc). The metal surface is dull or in some cases much too shiny because of polishing. Deep scratches are clearly visible as well as dents from impacts with some deformation of the engraving being apparent. This condition of coin can still be of interest to a numismatist but it no longer supports a premium and is therefore not recommended for investment which is better served by coins in the conditions above.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: F 15
• France: Très Beau (TB)
• Germany : Schön (S)
• Italy Molto bello (MB)
• Spain : Bien conservada+ (BC+)

Very Good (VG) – Even though these coins are considered “very good” they are nevertheless traded purely by weight. They are very worn coins which have a mediocre appearance and have been circulated a lot. We can still just about distinguish their designation but some details are completely worn away or missing. The rim detail, engraved relief features are all but indistinguishable and any images are no longer sharp. These coins inevitably find their way to the foundry for melting unless they happen to have numismatic significance. However, in the light of being investment coins they are to be avoided. One doesn’t know how much gold has been eroded, the weights can vary greatly and there is absolutely no premium attached to these coins.

In other countries this is referred to as

• USA: G6
• France: Beau (B)
• Germany : Sehr Gut Erhalten (SGE)
• Italy Bello (B)
• Spain : Bien conservada (BC)

This covers the principal gradings of coin conditions applicable to gold although one may also hear certain other terms used for « intermediate » grades such as ;

About Uncirculated (XF/UNC) which falls between Uncirculated and Extra Fine. It does not have an equivalence in every country and is therefore less used.

One may find various numbers attached to certain conditions particularly in France which allows grading within any given condition eg; SUP 55-62 which grades the “Superbe” from 55 to 66. However this should not be a concern for coin investors as the grading is a purely numismatic tool for specialists. The gold investment quality of all “Superbe” is the same as is their premium.

Finally there are even lower conditions such as “Good” and “Poor” but these are frankly of little interest to us because their condition is well below those required for investment and they are only good for the smelting pot!

Remember:

Gold Coins are an investment that you own!

They are not linked to Sovereign Debt like other investments.

You can buy them when you like.

You can sell them when you like.

Gold Coins have a better potential than Bullion because they have a dual leverage – Gold price and Premium.

Gold coins are transportable, great for liquidity and easy to resell.

Related articles include:

Half-Napoleon 10 Francs Gold Coins

The Premium on Gold Coins

Should I Buy 32 Krugerrands or a 1 Kg Gold Bar?

Krugerrand – The original Bullion Coin

Investment Gold Coins

Latest Gold Coin Prices

Paper money or Gold?

Gold Money, a currency of the past…. and the future?